International Mountain Day: Guidelines on who can climb mountains and required documents

Mountains cover more than 27 per cent of the Earth’s surface. They are not just beautiful landscapes but also home to many people, animals, and plants. According to the United Nations, around 15 per cent of the world’s population lives in mountains. These areas are rich in biodiversity and support nearly one-quarter of all land animals and plants.

Mountains are also crucial for life on Earth because they provide freshwater. About 70 per cent of the world’s freshwater comes from mountains. Rivers that start in the mountains supply water for drinking, farming, and industry to millions of people. Recognizing the importance of mountains, the United Nations celebrates International Mountain Day every year on December 11. This day highlights the need to protect mountain environments and support the people who live there.

The theme for International Mountain Day 2025 is “Glaciers matter for water, food and livelihoods in mountains and beyond.” This theme focuses on glaciers, which are essential for rivers and water systems. Protecting mountains and glaciers is vital for sustaining ecosystems, agriculture, and human life.

Who can climb mountains and what documents are needed

Climbing mountains is an activity that people of different ages and skills can enjoy, as long as they are healthy and fit. However, the rules and requirements for climbing depend on the country and the mountain. Some peaks are easier and do not need special skills, while others are very challenging and require advanced training.

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Category of climbers

1. Beginners: These are people who want to try simple trekking. Beginners only need basic fitness and do not need technical climbing skills. They can enjoy low-altitude trails and simple treks.

2. Intermediate: These climbers have some experience and better fitness. They may need to learn basic mountaineering skills, such as using crampons or ice axes. Intermediate treks may include slightly higher altitudes and rougher terrain.

3. Advanced: Advanced climbers are trained in technical climbing. They have experience in glacier travel, rope work, and high-altitude trekking. They usually attempt high peaks that need technical skills.

4. Professional: Professional mountaineers are highly trained and certified. They often lead or join guided expeditions to very high or dangerous mountains. Professionals need proper permits and formal documentation to climb.

Documents required for climbing

For general trekking, climbers usually need the following documents:

• A government ID like a passport, Aadhaar card, or Voter ID.

• A medical fitness certificate, which may be required by some treks.

• Trekking permits for national parks or protected areas.

• Travel insurance is recommended for safety.

For high-altitude or technical expeditions, the documents are stricter:

• Government ID (passport, Aadhaar, or Voter ID).

• A climbing permit issued by local mountaineering authorities.

• Liaison officer paperwork, which may be needed in some countries.

• A medical fitness certificate confirming that the climber is healthy.

• High-altitude insurance, including helicopter evacuation coverage.

• Proof of experience and certificates from mountaineering courses.

Tips for safe climbing

Climbing mountains is exciting but can be dangerous if not done carefully. Here are some simple tips:

1. Check your health before climbing. Cardiovascular fitness and strength are important.

2. Start with beginner-friendly treks if you are new. Gradually move to higher and more technical peaks.

3. Carry all necessary permits and documents. Authorities may check them before or during the trek.

4. Wear proper climbing gear, including shoes, jackets, gloves, and helmets if needed.

5. Learn basic safety skills like using ropes, crampons, or ice axes.

6. Stay hydrated and eat nutritious food during your trek.

7. Respect nature. Avoid littering and follow rules in protected areas.

Mountains are not only a natural wonder but also an essential part of our planet. They provide water, support biodiversity, and offer livelihoods for millions of people. International Mountain Day reminds us to protect these areas and appreciate their value.

Anyone in good health can enjoy mountains, from easy treks to challenging peaks. However, the level of difficulty and required skills vary. Beginners can try simple trails, while advanced climbers need technical training. Professional mountaineers must have proper permits and experience certificates.

Whether you are a beginner or an experienced climber, planning is essential. Carry the right documents, wear suitable gear, and respect the environment. By following safety guidelines and regulations, mountain climbing can be a safe and enjoyable adventure for everyone.