Somalia, African nations condemn Israel’s recognition of Somaliland

Israel became the first country to officially recognise Somaliland as an independent state on December 26, 2025, sparking strong reactions from Somalia and African nations. Somaliland, located in the northern part of Somalia, declared independence in 1991 and has long sought international recognition. President Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi of Somaliland welcomed Israel’s announcement, calling it a historic moment and the start of a “strategic partnership.”

Somalia condemned Israel’s move, calling it a “deliberate attack” on its sovereignty that could disturb regional peace. The African Union (AU) also rejected the decision, warning that it could set a dangerous precedent affecting peace and stability across the continent. Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, head of the AU, said that Somaliland “remains an integral part” of Somalia. Other countries, including Turkey and Egypt, joined the criticism. Turkey called the move “overt interference” in Somalia’s domestic affairs, while Egypt said it fully supports Somalia’s unity and territorial integrity.

Israel’s recognition and strategic interests

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office said the decision was made “in the spirit of the Abraham Accords,” referring to agreements brokered by former US President Donald Trump that normalised relations between Israel and several Arab nations. Netanyahu invited Somaliland President Abdullahi to visit Israel, describing the recognition as a step to build economic opportunities and stronger relations. In a phone conversation, Netanyahu expressed pride in the decision and wished the people of Somaliland well.

Abdullahi described Israel’s recognition as a historic moment and the beginning of a “strategic partnership.” He said that this step could help Somaliland access economic opportunities and international engagement. The Palestinian Authority, however, strongly opposed the move. It criticised Israel for recognising Somaliland, claiming it was previously designated as a site for the forced displacement of Palestinians, especially from the Gaza Strip, and warned against being complicit in such actions.

Israel’s interest in Somaliland may also be linked to regional security. Somaliland is strategically located on the Gulf of Aden, near Yemen, where Israel has previously targeted Iran-backed Houthi rebels. Analysts suggest that Israel may be seeking allies in the Red Sea region for security purposes, including potential operations against the Houthis if required. The territory’s location offers both economic and strategic advantages, making it a valuable partner for Israel.

Somaliland’s position and challenges

Somaliland functions as a self-declared republic with its own army, money, and passports, but it has remained diplomatically isolated since declaring independence. Its lack of international recognition has limited access to foreign aid, loans, and investments, leaving the region economically disadvantaged. Local celebrations were reported in Hargeisa, the capital, where people took to the streets waving flags in support of the recognition.

Relations between Somaliland and neighbouring countries have been tense. A 2024 agreement between Ethiopia and Somaliland, which allowed Ethiopia to lease part of Somaliland’s coastline for a port and military base, angered Somalia. Analysts say Israel’s recognition may strengthen Somaliland’s position internationally and open up new economic and strategic opportunities. However, the move has also complicated relations in the region, as Somalia and several African nations continue to reject the decision.

Israel has been working to expand its ties with countries in the Middle East and Africa. During Trump’s first term, historic agreements were signed with several countries, including the United Arab Emirates and Morocco, to normalise relations. While these deals were celebrated, ongoing conflicts, particularly in Gaza, have made further expansion of relations challenging. Israel’s recognition of Somaliland can be seen as part of its broader strategy to secure allies in key regions while navigating complex geopolitical tensions.

In summary, Israel’s recognition of Somaliland as an independent state has led to strong opposition from Somalia, the African Union, and allied countries like Turkey and Egypt. Somaliland celebrated the move as a historic and strategic step, while Israel views it as part of its broader regional and economic strategy. The decision highlights the region’s complex geopolitics, the ongoing struggle for Somaliland’s recognition, and the strategic considerations driving Israel’s foreign policy in Africa and the Middle East.